The facts

Breast cancer affects one in nine Canadian women during their lifetime. Risk increases with age; statistics show the rate is highest among women over 50. Non modifiable risks include family history of breast or ovarian cancer, hormonal and menstrual history (early first period or late menopause) and naturally dense breast tissue. There are also modifiable factors. The Government of Canada’s brochure explains that weight gain after age 18 raises risk by 45 % when weight increases by 25 kg or more. Regular physical activity reduces risk by 25–30 %, while alcohol consumption increases risk by more than 20 %. Smoking and exposure to environmental pollutants may also elevate risk.

Breastfeeding offers protective benefits. Having more children and breastfeeding for longer periods modestly reduces breast cancer risk, a reminder that choices earlier in life can influence later outcomes. Nevertheless, no lifestyle change eliminates risk entirely. That’s why routine screening matters. Health Canada recommends women aged 50–69 have a mammogram every two years. Women with dense breast tissue or strong family history may need additional imaging and should discuss options with their health care provider.

Awareness into action

Understanding risk factors empowers us to take proactive steps. Maintaining a healthy body weight, exercising regularly and limiting alcohol consumption are evidence backed ways to lower risk. Quitting smoking, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and minimising exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can also help. Women who are pregnant or planning a family can consider that each month of breastfeeding slightly reduces long term risk. Most importantly, talk to your doctor about personalised screening. Ask when you should start mammography, whether ultrasound or MRI is appropriate and how often you should be screened.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is more than pink ribbons; it’s a call to knowledge and action. By understanding our personal risk factors and embracing healthy habits, we can reduce the impact of breast cancer in our families and communities. Encourage friends and loved ones to book regular mammograms, support research and patient organisations, and reach out to those navigating a diagnosis. Together we can move beyond awareness to early detection and better outcomes.

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