Recognising the signs

The Public Health Agency of Canada summarises the key signs of stroke using the FAST acronym: Face – is it drooping? Arms – can you raise both? Speech – is it slurred or jumbled? Time – to call 9 1 1 immediately. Acting FAST is crucial because certain treatments, such as clot busting drugs, must be given within four and a half hours of symptom onset. A transient ischemic attack (mini stroke) causes the same symptoms but resolves within 24 hours; it is a warning sign of a possible major stroke and should still prompt emergency care.

Risk factors and prevention

Several modifiable factors increase stroke risk, including high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Managing these factors through regular medical check ups, healthy eating, physical activity and smoking cessation can substantially lower risk. Adequate sleep and stress management also support cardiovascular health. Some risk factors, such as age, sex and family history, cannot be changed, but recognising them helps identify those who may benefit from closer monitoring.

Responding to a stroke

If you suspect someone is having a stroke, call 9 1 1 or your local emergency number immediately. Do not attempt to drive yourself or the person to the hospital; paramedics can begin care en route. Bring someone who witnessed the symptoms, as they can provide important information to health care providers. Even if symptoms disappear, medical evaluation is necessary because a mini stroke signals a high risk of future stroke.

World Stroke Day encourages everyone to learn the signs of stroke and respond quickly. By acting FAST, we can help preserve brain function and improve outcomes. Share the FAST message with family, friends and co workers, and talk to your health care provider about your personal risk factors and prevention strategies.

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