Respiratory Health Season: Protecting Against RSV and Seasonal Viruses

RSV: what you need to know

Nearly all children will contract RSV by the age of two. In Canada, RSV causes yearly outbreaks that typically begin in late fall and run through early spring. Reinfections are common but usually milder until older adulthood, when RSV can again lead to severe disease. Immunization products are available to protect infants and older adults. For infants, monoclonal antibodies (nirsevimab and palivizumab) provide passive immunity, and an RSVpreF vaccine given during pregnancy transfers protective antibodies to the baby. Three vaccines—RSVPreF3 (Arexvy), RSVpreF (Abrysvo™) and mRNA 1345 (mRESVIA)—are approved for adults aged 60 and over, with RSVPreF3 also approved for adults 50–59. Infants at higher risk include those born prematurely, with chronic health conditions or living in communities with limited access to care; they should be prioritised for monoclonal antibody prophylaxis.

Flu season and personal protective measures

Influenza spreads easily via respiratory droplets when people cough, sneeze, talk or even breathe. The flu vaccine is the best way to prevent infection, and almost everyone six months of age and older should receive it. The flu vaccine cannot cause the flu and has rare serious side effects. Personal protective measures complement vaccination: stay home when sick, wear a well fitting mask, improve indoor ventilation, wash hands frequently with soap for at least 20 seconds or use hand sanitizer, cough or sneeze into a tissue or elbow, avoid touching your face with unclean hands, and clean high touch surfaces. Certain groups—older adults, young children, pregnant people and those with chronic health conditions—are at higher risk of complications and should be especially vigilant.

A holistic approach to respiratory health

Beyond vaccination and hygiene, general health practices bolster immune resilience. Breastfeeding provides antibodies and immune factors that protect infants; the First Nations Health Authority emphasises that breastmilk is the first traditional food and keeps both mother and baby strong, but communities must support mothers with encouragement and practical help. Adequate sleep, balanced nutrition and regular physical activity also contribute to a strong immune system. For older adults and those with chronic conditions, staying up to date on pneumococcal and COVID 19 vaccines is important.

As we move into respiratory virus season, staying informed and proactive helps protect ourselves and our communities. Take advantage of RSV prophylaxis and vaccines if you or your loved ones are eligible. Get your annual flu shot, practise good hygiene and stay home when unwell. By combining vaccines, personal protective measures and supportive practices, Canadians can reduce the burden of RSV, influenza and other respiratory illnesses.

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